Literature Coursework Essay

The play a View from the Bridge is an advanced Greek disaster, which tracks the destruction of one person. This is Eddie Carbone, an Italian man, with the convictions of the Italian culture. Eddie, with his significant other Beatrice and niece Catherine, live in Redhook, Brooklyn, a ghetto as the individuals there calls it and now it is known as that. Brooklyn has an enormous Italian people group. Numerous individuals who live in Redhook are generally Italian. The appearance of Beatrice’s cousin Marco and his sibling Rodolpho two unlawful foreigners who must be left well enough alone structure the Immigration specialists, in America to live a ‘American Dream’, makes the entire play impetus. The play is a disaster thus a great deal of hostility is incorporated. The disaster centers around the private and public activity of Eddie Carbone. The conventional, social convictions of how to be an Italian man is a ruin. The belief’s on the best way to be a genuine Italian man is to get back equity, in the event that you get injured. This is actually what happens to Eddie. On the off chance that any of these Italian convictions weren’t set up the play wouldn’t have finished as such a â€Å"bloody course†. The entire play is changed when the two siblings show up in the ghetto neighborhood. Eddie, who is Catherine’s uncle, yet acts like a dad to her, is so defensive over her and guides her and what not to do. However, Beatrice feels that Catherine is mature enough to go out to work, and to pull in the consideration of youngsters as she strolls down the road. Alfieri who is a legal counselor knows the two sides of the story and furthermore recognizes what will occur next in the play. Alfieri is the sort of man who isn't awful tempered. He attempts to control everything what goes on, and doesn’t need anything to turn out badly. He realizes what Eddie will get at long last, by acting the manner in which he is. This incorporates being desirous, and not being cheerful for Catherine, the manner in which she is. In this article I will analyze the thoughts of masculinity, threatening vibe and animosity. I will inspect how these are associated. During the majority of the disastrous play, Marco is discussed emphatically. This is appeared as Marco works day and night hard, and with physical quality. Marco is thought of emphatically by a couple of individuals toward the beginning of the play, when they show up, in America, as workers. Eddie is one of the individuals that think decidedly as he says: â€Å"Marco circumvents like a man; No one children Marco†. This statement is indicating that Eddie thinks decidedly of Marco. He accepts that as a man you ought to be truly solid. He is stating that Marco is not kidding; he needs to accomplish work and send cash he gains home, to his significant other and youngsters. Marco has come to America to accomplish work, and that’s what he does. No one children around with Marco. Marco shows considerably more manliness when he says he thinks such a great amount about his family in Italy, that he will send everything, directly to them. He says this to show his manliness: â€Å"I send everything†. He says this statement when he is conversing with Beatrice about his better half. He shows manliness he discusses sending cash home, and that’s why he has come to America, to work for his family. It recommends to us he is a man, since he sends cash to take care of his significant other and kids. It reveals to us that he is the man of the house. Marco doesn’t flaunt a lot of his manliness, yet at a certain point, he stands up for his sibling, Rodolpho and gives Eddie a test. Eddie is tested by Marco and this is where he shows his manliness. Where Marco advises Eddie to lift the seat: â€Å"Can you lift this seat? † Eddie realizes that now he has been tested. He wants to lift the seat. He gives it a go, attempting to show his physical quality, however lamentably bombs multiple times, to fulfill Marco’s guidelines. Marco then shows off his physical quality by lifting the seat over his head. Marco doesn’t like to truly flaunt, before individuals, however now he guards his sibling by making Eddie accomplish something. Eddie’s perspective on the best way to be a genuine man and show the manliness you have is to do certain things. He discusses these when he is conversing with Alfieri or Beatrice. He believes a great deal of things to be masculine. He alludes for the most part to Rodolpho when he directs sentiments toward Alfieri. He needs authority and he acts like he is the man of the house. Eddie likes masculinity to mean, physical quality, dedicated and authority. In any case, when he is conversing with Beatrice, he suggests that Rodolpho is gay. Obviously we don’t know this without a doubt, yet he says it so it causes us to accept that he is gay. It says that he cooks, sings and even makes dresses. Eddie absolutely doesn’t’ affirm of him, particularly when Catherine is pulled in to him. Eddie figures he does a ton of ladies occupations. Eddie shows authority, this is appeared, in light of the fact that when Catherine is going out with Rodolpho he doesn’t let her. This is appeared in the scene with a phase course: He moves to Catherine. This shows Eddie is defensive. He prevents Catherine from going out, with high heels on. He reprimands her to take her shoes. Eddie wins the contention as Catherine tunes in and she removes the high heels. This shows Eddie has his power. On the off chance that he doesn’t get this he incorporates physical hostility. Eddie is stating that men ought to have control of what ladies do. Eddie additionally mentions to us what as a man you ought to do. He calls attention to this when he is conversing with Beatrice. She doesn’t concur with something what Eddie says about Rodolpho. Eddie needs authority thus he shows this by saying that a spouse ought to concur with what her significant other needs to state: â€Å"A wife should accept he husband. In the event that I reveal to you the person ain’t right, don’t disclose to me his is right†. By saying this he implies that Beatrice ought to concur with what the spouse needs to state, so on the off chance that he says that Rodolpho ain’t right, Beatrice ought to concur that Rodolpho ain’t right. He is demonstrating he has authority and is man of the house. The manners by which Rodolpho during the play doesn’t adjust to the Italian convictions of manliness is the point at which he says and does things those solitary ladies do. These included cooking, singing and making dresses. Swirls perspective is for men to try sincerely and be not kidding. Rodolpho attempts to show his manliness, yet flops significantly. This is obviously appeared, when Rodolpho has been advised to leave by Eddie, and Catherine says that she will likewise leave. Rodolpho gets very furious and chooses to tell Eddie, that he needs Catherine to be his better half. Eddie doesn’t concur by any stretch of the imagination. It’s clear why, since he thinks Rodolpho is gay. Eddie doesn’t adjust of his manliness by any stretch of the imagination. This is on the grounds that Rodolpho doesn’t at all show a lot of manliness. The outcome of this is when Rodolpho blows up, he attempts to assault Eddie. He doesn't prevail with regards to doing that thus Eddie pins him down. This is told by a phase bearing:

Preliminary PDHPE Assignment Essay Example for Free

Fundamental PDHPE Assignment Essay 1) Recount the narrative of the person comparable to how the affliction they looked as influenced their wellbeing status. The person who I chose to inquire about is currently notable for her activity facilitating the Biggest Loser, Hayley Lewis. At 15 years of age Hayley Lewis had won 5 Gold awards at the 1990 Commonwealth Games. She weighed 58kg and considered her weight at the time as she was fit, sound and solid. A magazine came out saying that she was â€Å"a fit multi year old however somewhat substantial legged. † From then on she began to get greater and greater. After a year her weight had crawled up to 65kg and by the 1992 Barcelona Olympics she weighed 73kg. Hayley was advised by her mentor to get in shape and the increasingly more she was told, the more she went to nourishment for comfort. By being told she was â€Å"heavy legged† from the media and being advised to shed pounds the more this affected on her genuinely, intellectually, socially and profoundly. By being overweight this cut off Hayley’s swimming profession as she was humiliated, endured tension and despised being freely investigated. Hayley Lewis likewise despised getting up in light of the fact that she realized she needed to put on her â€Å"togs†. She said that she was dashing with young ladies 20kg lighter and you can’t shroud anything when you’re in swimmers. She likewise said that she used to concentrate on her weight each time she bounced up on to the beginning square as opposed to concentrating on her race. By being judged on account of her physical appearance made her quit her swimming vocation since she felt that she didn’t fit in anyplace. This influenced both her psychological and profound wellbeing. Since Hayley Lewis had a negative physical wellbeing status this affected on her enthusiastic wellbeing as all the components of wellbeing are related on each other and when one region of wellbeing is going downhill this can affect on the various parts of an individuals’ wellbeing status. Hayley Lewis had a low confidence and didn’t put stock in herself. This was on the grounds that she was harassed about her physical appearance and the media caused her to feel dishonorable about her weight. She didn’t appreciate the accomplishment of being a swimmer either in light of the disgrace and blame she felt about herself and her own self-perception. Another factor that could have had an effect on Hayley’s wellbeing status is the demise of her more youthful sister as this could have made her chance to nourishment for comfort. Hayley Lewis needed to confront a multi year weight fight from when she was 15 until she was 35 when she had her subsequent kid. During her pregnancy Hayley increased another 25kg. At the point when she got a call from Jenny Craig to turn into an envoy she at long last acknowledged how overweight she was and chosen to take care of business. She lost 4kg in the main week and was at last refocusing and picking up these valuable long stretches of her life back. Hayley Lewis is presently the present host of the Biggest Loser and says she can identify with the hopefuls so well as she most likely is aware precisely what they have experienced and what they are experiencing. She plans to rouse them and become as great a good example as she can so they get the opportunity to cherish themselves the manner in which she does about herself now. Hayley Lewis has confronted significant affliction in her life and it has influenced her wellbeing status truly, intellectually, socially and profoundly. She has at long last gotten through and is at an incredible point in her life, has defeated her weight fights and has made herself pleased for where her body has gotten her today. an) Evaluate how the components of wellbeing have collaborated to build the wellbeing status of the person. Hayley Lewis’ physical, mental, social and profound wellbeing have collaborated to build Hayley’s current wellbeing status as every one of these measurements are associated upon each other. In the event that one part of wellbeing is sure, at that point this will in all likelihood affect the various parts of an individual’s wellbeing. Hayley’s physical wellbeing when she was more youthful was genuinely poor. At the point when Jenny Craig came into the image this made Hayley become mindful and acknowledge exactly how poor her physical wellbeing was. Due to this unexpected acknowledgment, this has developed Hayley Lewis’ current wellbeing status from numerous points of view since she at last took care of her unforeseen weakness. She began to get more fit and the inspiration of the Jenny Craig program helped her get through. She was given feast and exercise designs however as a resigned swimmer she was accustomed to having the pre-sorted out eating and preparing plan. She had defeated her past self-perception evil spirits and she understood that she had another concentration in life on account of turning into a parent. She needed to step up and turn into the best good example she could be for her youngsters. She tossed out all the old photographs she had of herself as an overweight adolescent and came back to the pool in 2000 with a recharged certainty. She despite everything has â€Å"good days and terrible days, as everyone† except has figured out how to adore, appreciate, acknowledge and support her body with deference as you just get one. Her past physical wellbeing has now developed Hayley’s current wellbeing status as she is presently a size 8-10, lost 20kg and has kept up her weight by eating nutritiously, arranging her suppers and practicing regularly. Hayley now has a constructive physical wellbeing status and wants to motivate others, for example, the greatest failure hopefuls, with her very own rousing story. Hayley Lewis’ enthusiastic wellbeing has majorly affected the development of her present wellbeing status. Intellectually, Hayley never used to put stock in herself and had a low confidence and self-perception. Since she has gotten mindful of her unforeseen weakness status and has lost 20kg she currently has a positive headspace and an uplifting point of view. She has a reestablished certainty yet at the same time has â€Å"bad days† like everybody. By identifying with the current greatest failure challengers this has caused her to feel pleased to where her body and brain has gotten her today and needs to get them out so they can feel how she feels about herself now. Hayley’s better than ever positive enthusiastic wellbeing has majorly affected the various parts of her wellbeing and has made a general positive wellbeing and prosperity for herself as the components of wellbeing are on the whole associated upon each other. When Hayley Lewis was more youthful her social wellbeing endured in light of the fact that she was overweight truly and didn’t look positive on life as a result of her poor passionate wellbeing. She was harassed, contrasted with others and was continually being judged, if not by the media, by her mentor and family companions. She presently has a positive social wellbeing as she is currently hitched to an understanding and agreeable spouse and has 2 youngsters. Her certainty is currently blasting contrasted with when she was battling her multi year weight fight. Her certainty has permitted her to improve her associations with loved ones and now she can likewise identify with the greatest failure challengers since they have become her companions. She is moving towards these competitors and has likewise gotten exceptionally near them and helping them restore their lives and start new. Profoundly, Hayley now feels a feeling of having a place and worth contrasted with the misfortune she confronted on the grounds that she has battled lastly won her weight fights. She is presently fit and sound, can identify with and feels separated of the greatest failure family and furthermore has her very own uncommon group. She presently has a positive headspace and this has affected on and transformed herself from multiple points of view. Hayley’s groundbreaking experience of winning her multi year weight fought has happened in light of the fact that she at long last got mindful of how poor her wellbeing was. The 4 elements of wellbeing, physical, mental, social and profound, have all cooperated with one another and have developed Hayley Lewis’ current wellbeing status in an extremely positive manner. Since she began getting more fit she saw that all her enthusiastic, social and profound parts of wellbeing have profited her general wellbeing. This is on the grounds that every one of these measurements are reliant upon one another and build the general wellbeing status of a person. b) Evaluate how the family member and dynamic nature of wellbeing has affected upon the wellbeing status of the person. Because of her very own encounters Hayley Lewis would now rate her wellbeing as being ideal. She has combat with her weight for a long time and has at last defeated that. Just as being at her objective load by eating healthy, practicing and making supper plans for herself she needs to consider how the family member and dynamic nature of wellbeing has affected upon her very own wellbeing status. Relative and dynamic nature of wellbeing alludes to how wellbeing can shift every once in a while and change everywhere. Diseases, mishaps, individual encounters, natural elements or an individuals’ financial status can affect an individual’s level of wellbeing anytime during their lives. These ceaseless changes in a person’s wellbeing imply that wellbeing is dynamic. Deciding where an individual is along the wellbeing continuum anytime of time is exceptionally abstract as individuals everywhere throughout the world have various recognitions about what is ideal or â€Å"normal† wellbeing. By beating her multi year weight fight, Hayley Lewis presently has a superior information on what great wellbeing is. She sees herself in a progressively constructive manner and the consequence of this is general society and individuals all around her are seeing her in an increasingly positive manner moreover. By having faith in yourself can influence how others see you and accept that you have potential though on the off chance that you don’t have confidence in yourself, at that point others will think the equivalent. This is one reason that Hayley Lewis’ certainty has ascended after some time since her confidence has risen she understood that individuals were beginning to see her, and her wellbeing, I

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Business Intelligence - 905 Words

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Essay on 18th Century, Period of Enlightenment - 485 Words

The Enlightenment took place during the 18th century and was defined as mans leaving his self-caused immaturity. A popular motto took place: dare to know. It was a period of questioning and appliance of reasoning to explore many subjects often left untouched. People were leaving behind their past and advocating the use of scientific method instead of unproven beliefs on religion. The Enlightenment takes its name from those who wanted to contribute to a brighter future and society. Different paths were taken in order to make this period possible. The intellectuals didnt immediately gather their information from original scientific sources. Since most philosophers expressed their notions through complex literary works,†¦show more content†¦People were beginning to compare themselves and realized the similarities or differences that shaped their society. A last important trait for the inspiration of the Enlightenment came from two men. Isaac Newton and John Locke. 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Capital Budget Recommendation Free Essays

As a dedicated furniture maker and businessman, a clear understanding of the techniques used to assist in capital budgeting is important. There are several techniques used, each having advantages and disadvantages. Within this recommendation, the advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be briefly discussed. We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Budget Recommendation or any similar topic only for you Order Now Additionally, discuss how each technique will assist in determining the desirable capital budget technique to recommend. Concluding with a course of action Mr. Navallez should take, along with calculation to support the recommended course of action. Capital budget techniques Several techniques can be used to analyze an opportunity to invest in capital. Net Present Value (NPV) allows decision makers to analyze the present value (cost) of a capital investment and determine if the investment will compensate the cash outflow used for capital investment by an excess of the desired rate of return. Management â€Å"wants to know the rate of return to expect from investing†, therefore, will â€Å"use the internal rate of return method. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Schnieder, p. 1156) The internal rate of return produces the actual rate of return on an investment; where as, net present value allows management to select the desired rate of return on an investment. A simple and straightforward technique is the payback period; as the name suggests â€Å"payback† this technique â€Å"shows how long it will take to recover the initial cash outflow (the cost) of an investment. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Schnieder, p. 164) Although, the payback period furnishes the time period when the cost is likely to be recovered, the technique does not illustrate compensation in excess of the initial cash outflow or assist in evaluating different prospective capital investments. Additionally, modified internal rate of return technique shows the adjusted rate of return based on the expected return on investment after taxes, however, does not calculate compensation or assist in evaluation of alternatives. For the purpose of the recommendation further discussion o f net present value and internal rate of return assist in determining the desired course of action Mr. Navallez should acquire. The two techniques demonstrate the ability to compare the two prospective investments Mr. Navallez is considering. With reference to each prospective investment within this recommendation each will be referenced as Alternative 1 and Alternative 2. Alternative 1 is the purchase of automated high-tech machinery and Alternative 2 is becoming a representative. Net preset value vs. internal rate of return Net present value (NPV) is determined by â€Å"subtracting the cost of the investment from the present value of the future cash inflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Schnieder, p. 156) The future cash inflow is a calculation that is computed by taking the future annual cash inflow of the investment (payments), number of periods, and desired rate of return. Two outcomes are determined by the use of this technique, a high rate of return or a below rate of return. The most favorable outcome is a high rate of return; a high rate of return indicates the future cash inflow of an investment is worth the current cash outflow (cost of the investment). In use, the cost of the automated machinery subtracted from present value of the future cash inflows will show the net present value of the investment. Cash inflow consists of representative fees, working capital recovery due to the decrease in labor and manufacturing cost. Net present value will show whether the prospective investment will compensate in excess of the desired rate of return. Internal rate of return is a desire rate, also called hurdle rate, or cutoff rate, or minimum rate set by the organization as the expected return on the investment. â€Å"The rate of return is the rate at which the present value of cash inflows equals the cash outflows. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Schnieder, p. 1156) â€Å"The higher internal rate of return, the more profitable the investment. (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Schnieder, p. 1160) The internal rate of return is calculated by taking the total values (cash inflow and outflow) and â€Å"guess† (rate of return). This technique assist in the decision making process because once the internal rate of return is determined, the desired investment can easily be decid ed. Taking the cash outflow and inflow from each alternative and the desired rate of return will offer the best comparison as which investment will present a return favorable. Recommendation The recommendation Mr. Navallez should take is alternative 1. Alternative 1 offers the best return on investment. The use of the net present value techniques presents the desired return on investment. Net present value over internal rate of return presents the expected return on cash outflows for the cost of the investment, thus allowing management to â€Å"compute a present value index. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Schnieder, p. 1160) Assume the desired rate of return is 8% over 10 periods, alternative 1 cash inflow would be $421,834 with cash outflow being $323,091 and alternative 2 cash inflow of $314,057 with cash outflow being $283,930. The present value of alternative 1 is $98,743 and alternative 2 is $30,127. Alternative 1 yields a higher rate of return, however, taking it a step further to confirm alternative 1 is the best investment the present value index offers an additional comparison of the two investments. Present value index is calculated by dividing cash inflows from cash outflows, â€Å"the higher the ratio, the higher the rate of return per dollar invested into the proposed project. † (Edmonds, Edmonds, Olds, McNair, Schnieder, p. 1160) Alternative 1 ratio 1. 306 and alternative 2 ratio 1. 106; thus confirming alternative 1 the best investment and the most profitable for Mr. Navallez. How to cite Capital Budget Recommendation, Papers Capital Budget Recommendation Free Essays Capital Budget Recommendation ACC/543 November 19, 2012 Fred Johnston Capital budget evaluation techniques are used to determine if cash inflows are enough to repay the company for the cost of assets, cost of financing the asset, and a rate of return that would compensate the company for any errors made during the estimation of cash flows (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. d. ). We will write a custom essay sample on Capital Budget Recommendation or any similar topic only for you Order Now When using evaluation techniques it is best to use more than one perspective so as not to produce biased results (Edmonds, Chapter 24, 2007). The time value of money assumes that the present value of a dollar in the future is less than a dollar today (Edmonds, Chapter 24, 2007). To make sure that cash outflows and cash inflows are comparable the present value of the future cash flows are restated to â€Å"today’s dollars† (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. d. ). This in turn allows a company to determine if the investment will be beneficial considering the cost. The present value technique uses a discount rate and the present value of future cash inflows minus the present value of cash outflows to determine the net present value of the investment. If the net present value is determined to be positive, the investment is considered to yield a rate of return higher than the anticipated percent, thus, providing the company more than enough to repay the investment (Edmonds, Chapter 24, 2007). If the net present value is determined to be negative, the investment is less than the anticipated percentage. Therefore, the investment will not yield a rate of return, and would be a bad investment for the company. If the net present value is zero, the company would break even on the investment so it would then be at their discretion to determine whether they would invest or not (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. d. ). According to â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques† , (n. d. ) â€Å"The internal rate of return method is the most commonly used method for evaluating capital budgeting proposals† (24). The internal rate of return method is the rate that the present value of cash inflows equals the cash outflows (Edmonds, Chapter 24, 2007). It is the rate of return that investors expect to earn on an investment (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. . ). It is calculated using a trial and error technique as there is no formula to determine the internal rate of return (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. d. ). Understanding the time value of money will allow Guillermo Furniture to properly calculate the present value of current and future cash flows. Th is is an important aspect as the value of a dollar to be received in the future is valued less than a dollar today. The present value technique will allow Guillermo Furniture to calculate what the value of the potential investment would be. He would need to determine what the discount rate (the minimum rate of return) would be, and then he could calculate the present value of the future cash inflows minus the present value of cash outflows to determine whether the investment would be beneficial for the company. The internal rate of return, when calculated, would let Guillermo Furniture know what the expected return on investment would be. As the internal rate of return is the same calculation used for other investments such as savings accounts and bonds, this method would be easier for Guillermo Furniture to use and understand. The method I would recommend for Guillermo Furniture to use would be the net present value method. The net present value method may be a little more involved than the Internal rate of return, but it provides a more accurate value for an investment. The net present value assumes that the cash inflows are reinvested to earn the discount rate (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. d. ). Although the internal rate of return also assumes the cash inflows are reinvested, the net present value method is more realistic as the internal rate of return can potentially be very high on some projects (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. d. ). Another reason the net present value would be more beneficial for Guillermo Furniture is that the internal rate of return can have more than one solution. This will happen if the cash flows change from positive one year to negative in the next year (â€Å"Capital Budgeting Techniques†, n. d. ). The net present value method will provide a much more reliable and accurate calculation for an investment. References: Capital Budgeting Techniques. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http://campus. murraystate. edu/academic/faculty/lguin/fin330/capbudtechniques. htm Edmonds, T. P. (2007). Fundamental Financial and Managerial Accounting Concepts. Retrieved from 24. How to cite Capital Budget Recommendation, Essay examples

Speech Language and Communication Needs free essay sample

Communication is a two way process which allows us to express our thoughts and feelings to others, while allowing us in turn to understand what others are trying to convey to us. Communication involves speech and language (verbal) as well as facial expression, gesture and body language (non-verbal). Communication is an essential life skill for children and young people and it underpins their social, emotional and educational development. (Bercow 2008) To communicate effectively we must understand and ‘apply’ the ‘rules’ of the structure used in language and be able to vocalise this through speech. We must also hear and understand the speech of others through our ability to listen and to interpret body language and facial expression. Developing and building upon these skills will enable children and young people to interact and relate to others and the world around them. However, if a child or young person has a difficulty in any of these areas Speech, Language or Communication then this need must be addressed otherwise it may impact on their behavioural, emotional and social development. In general, children with developmental language difficulties are at greater risk than typically developing children of having behavioural, emotional and social difficulties. † (Better Communication Research Programme 2010) Therefore this presentation seeks to highlight the correlation between the Speech, Language and Communication Needs (SLCN) of children and young people and how it has a bearing on their behavioural, emotional and social development as well. SECTION TWO Children and young people’s behaviour can be used as a way of communicating to others and the world around them. Behaviour, Emotional and Social Difficulties (BESD) can manifest themselves in a range of ways. Some of these are characterised by the following: Physical/ Verbal aggression Anxiety/ Depression Withdrawn/ Isolated Hyperactive/ Lacking concentration Phobias/ Self-harm Low self-esteem Children and young people with BESD may act unpredictably in a variety of social, personal or physical settings. These behaviours often times seek to communicate how a child or young person is feeling, although it is often the case that the behaviour is seen as the difficulty rather than the symptom of underlying language difficulty. (Communication Trust 2008) Furthermore, children with SLCN are more likely to have social and emotional difficulties. There is a link between SLCN and BESD (Lindsey,G. Dockrell, J. 2000). Studies have indicated that behavioural problems account for three quarters of children and young people who had significant language difficulties as well (Ripley, K. Yull, N. 005). It is also evident that children learn about emotions through play and interact through language. This in turn enables children to develop skills in managing their behaviour and emotions effectively. However, a child with SLCN may find these scenarios or situations challenging. Therefore a child with language/ communication difficulties in a school may display limited eye contact, have difficulty initiating conversation or staying on the topic of conversation, staying on task and have problems using language to negotiate or argue their point of view with their peers. Consequently, this will inhibit their ability to develop the skills needed to manage their behaviour and emotions properly. Likewise it can result in social isolation from their peers if they are unable to engage in understanding the ‘rules’ of appropriate behaviours in social situations as a result of their inability to understand fully facial gestures or body language. Evidently, BESD has a bearing on the SLCN’s of children and young people. It hinders the learning of new skills appropriate to a child’s stage of development as well as impacting on their capacity to form satisfying relationships. The fact is that speech and language occur together with emotional and behavioural development and that they do affect each other powerfully. Being able to communicate through speech and language, but more importantly understand and use communication effectively is critical in supporting and developing the behavioural, emotional and social needs of a child or young person. But â€Å"if there is a difficulty understanding what people say, difficulty speaking or forming sounds or words and using language in appropriate social contexts then this can affect a child’s behaviour and emotional development†. Speech, Language Communication Action Plan 2011) In the short term it can result in low confidence, frustration, anger, difficulty in making friends and difficulty in processing new information and low academic achievement. In the longer term it can seriously affect interpersonal relationships with peers and family with problems tending to increase with age. (Botting et al 2000). It has also been noted that a third of children with communication problems will go on to develop mental illness if untreated. (Clegg et al 1999). For example, a child with a speech and language impairment such as a stammer will find that their SLCN will impact heavily on their BESD. It can have a negative impact on their academic performance and relationships with their peers and teachers. There is also a growing link between being bullied and having emotional, academic and even physical difficulties. (Communication Trust 2008) A stammer can be very debilitating for children in a social setting. It affects their self-esteem and self-image. Within school they are more susceptible to being bullied, being withdrawn and developing social phobias (Murphy et al 2007). If untreated this will continue into adulthood and manifest itself in various anxiety disorders. (Craig Tran 2006). Another example of how SLCN can impact on BESD is highlighted in the case of a child with ASD. The child may find it difficult to read facial expression or grasp the humour shared by their peers and consequently may react in a way that is not socially in tune with the group or acceptable. In not being understood they can display behaviour that is deemed inappropriate. Emotionally they are frustrated and can become withdrawn. Not being able to interact on an equal par with their peers which can result in social exclusion and isolation. The child may feel socially inept which can lead to low self-esteem and other difficulties.The Bercow report set out to examine the services used for children and young people with SLCN’s and to identify areas that needed to be developed further to enhance their quality and provide better support for parents. As well as stressing a number of key areas that are essential to help tackle SLCN’s in children and young people. The Bercow report illustrated the following: Communication is crucial: i. e. communication between parents, therapists etc. Early Identification and Intervention is paramount: early identification in the child’s life and intervention to support the child and family provides â€Å" a better chance of tackling problems, communicating well and making progress†. (Bercow 2008) Early identification and intervention is necessary for without it there are higher risks of lower educational attainment of behavioural problems, of emotional and psychological difficulties. A continuum of services around the family is needed: the assistance and support for families will only be met when services are designed and delivered in a way that parents find understandable and accessible and that these services of SLCN reach across the whole age range and the level of need is addressed. A more collaborative and multi-disciplinary approach to working is critical: All agencies and professionals need tighter and a more integrated approach to work along with continuous professional development and training in order to ensure optimum support for children and their families who have SLCN.

Nudity in the Paintings of the Renaissance

Introduction Throughout the history of art, nudity has been used to represent beauty, shame, power and frailty apart from sex and sensuality. Many works done by Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Giorgione, Titian and other renaissance artists have contained an aspect of nudity of the human body, both men and female.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Nudity in the Paintings of the Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Major paintings during the medieval and renaissance period represented religious icons like the cherubim, as semi naked beings. These depictions provide strong indications that nudity and nakedness of the human body was used not only in eroticism and sex but also to represent particular symbolic phenomena in relation to various aspects of humanity. In Christianity, some aspects of nudity of the female body could be depicted on artworks illustrating a bare chest Mary breastfeeding the bab y Jesus Christ. Some artwork on Adam and Eve depicted their nudity which illustrated their fall from the Garden of Eden. One of the most famous female nudes in the history of art was the Spanish painting called ‘The Nude Maja’ done by Francisco Goya. Although the medieval period was also punctuated with such levels of nudity in artwork, it was not as profound as during the renaissance. Thus, the artists of the Renaissance brought about the rise of the Nude Female in their masterpieces. Background The nude has become a resistant illustration by enduring various challenges throughout history. For instance, after the roman period, nudity faced the challenge of extinction when some members of the Roman Empire wanted it banned. However, the church has since reviewed the matter and restored paintings of the popular renaissance artists. It is worth noting that nude figures are more acceptable when still, than the nude human figures that are moving. Artistic figures which are n ude were also unlikely to spark public protests than real nude or naked people, during the renaissance. Nudity in art during the middle ages was considered a normative act especially during social activities like dancing and also when a person was working (Goodson, Not Dated). This is quite evidenced by the unearthing of vases depicting nude illustrations of people performing in festivals and in fields by archaeologists especially among the Greeks. Nudity was often regarded among the Greeks, as a form of honesty to their gods. From the Greek to Indian culture, people would pose naked in religious activities and cultural festivals. It was not uncommon to find artistic illustrations of semi naked or completely naked human statues and paintings. Thus, throughout this period, nudity in art and in real life was quite acceptable to the society.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More During the middle ages, most paintings of women were mainly religious related. The Virgin Mary was often illustrated in paintings with much modesty. Nude female paintings, during this time would often be considered a representation of erotic and lustful impression (Hill, 200). It should also be noted that the paintings done during this period have sparked some debate on the difference between nude figures and naked figures. The argument is however not profound since it is considered as outdated by some scholars. The Greco Roman Influence During the renaissance, a new interest in Greek and Roman culture lead to an explosion in the knowledge about the human body, accompanied with major early innovations in scientific world. In this period, the artists were accorded respect because they were viewed as people who had climbed up the social ladder. Their artworks were viewed as miraculous creations inspired by divinity, and not just mere artistic creations. The Greco Roman system influenc ed artistic works like the painting of Leda and the Swan. Sculptures of the nude human anatomy were also created by renaissance artists through the Greco Roman influence. Paintings like that of the crucifixion of Jesus Christ were also done under this influence. This is because it was during this time that the Christian religion was rapidly growing. Thus, mythological and religious paintings depicting nude human figures, done by Michelangelo, Leonardo and Raphael contributed the most in the Italian renaissance artwork which was the foundation on which concepts of modern artwork were founded. The Greek influenced the artwork mainly through their mythical stories like the story of Zeus who appeared in form of a Swan that raped Leda who gave birth to set of twins. The Greek were mainly involved in religious beliefs which were perceived as pagan by the emerging Christian religion. Thus, the painting of Leda and the Swan was mainly inspired by such pagan beliefs. On the other hand, the R oman system which was swiftly embracing Christian religion influenced artistic works which did paintings like the bare breast Virgin Mary breast feeding the Baby Jesus Christ and the crucifixion of Jesus. These are just some of the reasons why the Roman and the Greek are viewed to have influenced major nude masterpieces done by reconnaissance artists through their religious and mythological practices. The birth of Venus ‘The birth of Venus’ was the first nude female painting done by Botticelli in 1484 which was in no way related to religion. The artistic work illustrates the goddess Venus, as an adult woman coming from the sea and moving towards the shore. In the painting, there are breezes and winds in action that bring Venus on land.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Nudity in the Paintings of the Renaissance specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This mythical painting depicts the nudity of a wo man who was considered a goddess of love by the Greek during the renaissance period. The painting is considered by a section of scholars as one of the most sublime representation of the female form ever painted. Leda and the Swan ‘Leda and the Swan’ was a masterpiece done by Leonardo da Vinci in 1508. The painting depicts a young nude female embracing a swan while looking at four nude infants hatching from two huge eggs on her right. This painting also illustrates several things on the female body outline which are symbolic. Leda shows a shy attraction towards the swan, while her head is slightly lowered giving the illustration of some virgin aspects. The figure of Leda is quite mature and shows some curved lines which emphasize fertility (Artworks, Not Dated). However, it should be noted that ‘Leda and the Swan’ is a painting that has been done by many artists thereby coming in different versions. In an attempt to crystallize the real picture, Leonardo did three paintings. The first painting basically outlined his second painting which were however, a little bit different. In the first painting there were the four babies and the Swine. The Swine is absent in the second painting while the third painting differs in the background from the other two. This painting illustrates mythological representations of stories which were common during the reconnaissance. The female nudity is expressed here as the young girl Leda is raped by Zeus, a man represented by the Swan (Shmoop, 2010). Sleeping Venus ‘Sleeping Venus’ was done by Giorgione da Castelfranco, in the year 1510. The masterpiece illustrates the first lying female nude in the art history. Giorgione demonstrates a sensual mythological allegory in a nude woman who is reclining with her left hand appearing to be pleasuring her genitals (Paoletti Radke, 2005). According to gynecological treaties of those times, female masturbation was considered to make a woman more fertile . The entire width of the painting is covered by the nude goddess of love. The gentle curves on the body outline symbolically connect with the natural aspects depicted in the surrounding. Conclusion Renaissance artists like Titian, Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci and Giorgione are known to have done the continuation of artistic nudity from the medieval period. After the renaissance the female nude became the most used subject in art history producing at least one masterpiece per year.Advertising Looking for research paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The artistic creations were mainly inspired by mythological and religious ideologies. That is why the artists were considered by the people to have been divinely inspired to do the paintings. Nude paintings of the female anatomy were created by these artists not only to depict sex and sensuality but also to represent shame, beauty and power. The sleeping Venus, Leda and the Swan and the birth of Venus are good examples of artworks of nudity done on the basis of mythological ideologies. It is thus imperative to say that the Roman and Greek mythical and religious ideologies offered enough influence on the dimensions of renaissance art in terms of nudity. Reference List Artworks (Not Dated). Leda and the Swan. Web. Goodson, A. (Not Dated). Nudity in Ancient to Modern Cultures. Web. Hill, S. (2007). Meaning in â€Å"The Birth of Venus†, Botticelli Shows Venus in a Pose Traditionally Held by Virgin Mary. Web. Paoletti, T.J., Radke, M.G. (2005). Art in Renaissance Italy, Ed. 3, Lo ndon: Laurence King Publishing Ltd. Shmoop (2010). Leda and the Swan: Shmoop Poetry Guide. Sunnyvale: Shmoop University, Inc. This research paper on Nudity in the Paintings of the Renaissance was written and submitted by user Ahmad Mann to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on The Iroqouis

are directly related but are not interchangeable. The Iroquois Confederacy (or "League of the Iroquois" according to the whites) was thought to have been founded in the 1500’s by the great Mohawk chief, Hiawatha. The confederacy was first made up of five tribes, the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca. This gave them the dubbed name of Five Nations. In 1722, the Tuscarora were added to the confederacy and they were then known and the Six Nations. The Five Nations occupied an area in the present day New York, just south of Lake Ontario. The Five Nations numbered about 5,500 native Americans in their confederacy. In order to organize the affairs of the Nations the "Great Binding Law" was created. The "Great Binding Law" was the confederacy’s constitution. According to one website (ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html) the confederacy is one of the oldest democracies in the world. The confederacy was thought to be a democracy because, although each tribe wa... Free Essays on The Iroqouis Free Essays on The Iroqouis Iroquois According to the New Webster’s Dictionary the definition of civilization is "a making or becoming civilized; the state of being civilized; the sum or qualities of a particular civilized society" and the definition of culture is "the social and religious structures and intellectual and artistic manifestations etc. that characterize a society." I find these definitions to be easily arguable. The only common word in those two definitions is society, but they are in no way related. I find the two words to be connected but not interchangeable. If I was to write the definitions, I would make the two words more closely related. My definition of civilization would be a community of people who settled in an area whom has also developed a common culture. My definition of culture would be the way a certain society acted and the rituals they performed (i.e. religion, holidays that are observed, language, literature, etc.). Therefore the two words are directly related but are not intercha ngeable. The Iroquois Confederacy (or "League of the Iroquois" according to the whites) was thought to have been founded in the 1500’s by the great Mohawk chief, Hiawatha. The confederacy was first made up of five tribes, the Cayuga, Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga and Seneca. This gave them the dubbed name of Five Nations. In 1722, the Tuscarora were added to the confederacy and they were then known and the Six Nations. The Five Nations occupied an area in the present day New York, just south of Lake Ontario. The Five Nations numbered about 5,500 native Americans in their confederacy. In order to organize the affairs of the Nations the "Great Binding Law" was created. The "Great Binding Law" was the confederacy’s constitution. According to one website (ratical.org/many_worlds/6Nations/DatingIC.html) the confederacy is one of the oldest democracies in the world. The confederacy was thought to be a democracy because, although each tribe wa...

Earned Value & Forecasting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Earned Value & Forecasting - Essay Example The budgeted cost of work performed at end of period 8 comes out to be $868,000. The same is shown in Table 1. Cost Variance (CV) can be calculated as the difference between budgeted cost and actual cost of work performed which is equal to $(868,000-1,005,000) i.e. - $137,000. A negative cost variance here implies that the project is over-budget by the end of period 8. The Cost Performance Index (CPI) is given by the ratio of budgeted cost of work performed to the actual cost of work performed i.e. (868,000/1,005,000) which is equal to .86. As the Cost Performance Index is less than 1, it again implies that the project is over-budget. Schedule Variance (SV) can be found out as the difference between budgeted cost of work performed and the budgeted cost of work scheduled till the end of period 8 which is equal to $(868,000-955,000) i.e. - $87000. A negative schedule variance here implies that the project is behind schedule by the end of period 8. The Schedule Performance Index (SPI) i s given by the ratio of budgeted cost of work performed to the budgeted cost of work scheduled i.e. (868,000/955,000) which is equal to .91. As the Schedule Performance Index is less than 1, it gain implies that the project is behind schedule. ... 500000 1.3.2 60000 80 48000 1.4.1 120000 0 0 1.4.2 40000 50 0 1.4.3 75000 100 75000 1.5.2 15000 20 0 1.5.3 30000 0 0 1.6.1 45000 20 0 1.6.2 60000 50 0 1.6.3 30000 0 0 1.6.4 25000 0 0 Total 124500 (BAC) 868000 (BCWP/EV) The planned percentage of work completed can be calculated by dividing the planned work completed (in terms of number of periods) by the total work (in terms of number of periods). The total work periods can be calculated by adding the planned durations of each activity. This comes out as 26 periods. The planned work periods can be calculated by multiplying the planned percent of work completed for each activity by its planned duration. This is equal to 15. Hence, the planned percent of work completed is equal to 15/26 i.e. 57.7%. Similarly, the actual percent of work completed is computed as the ratio of actual work completed (in terms of number of periods) to the total work (in terms of number of periods). The actual work periods are calculated as 15.2 in the same fa shion as for planned work periods. The actual percent of work completed, therefore, comes out as 15.2/26 i.e. 58.46%. The percent cost completed is simply defined as the ratio of actual cost incurred till end of period 8 to the total planned cost of the project i.e. (1,005,000/1,245,000) which comes out as 80.72% Table 2: Calculating percent task completion Task Duration Actual Percentage of work completed at end of period 8 Actual work completed (in periods) at end of period 8 Planned percentage of work completed at end of period 8 Planned work completed (in periods) at end of period 8 1.2.1 3 100 3 100 3 1.2.2 1 100 1 100 1 1.2.3 2 100 2 100 2 1.3.1 3 100 3 100 3 1.3.2 2 80 1.6 100 2 1.4.1 3 0 0 66.66666667 2 1.4.2 1 50 0.5 0 0 1.4.3 3 100 3 66.66666667 2 1.5.2 1 20 0.2 0 0 1.5.3 2 0 0 0

Environmentally Sustainable Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Environmentally Sustainable Business - Essay Example Other initiatives include development of aero-engines that are friendlier to the environment and airframes that are efficient. The aviation industry has also developed ways of assisting communities and passengers comprehend the concept of climate change and pollution resulting from use of the airlines. Aviation Industry players are undertaking the initiatives to mitigate the negative environmental effects caused by the activities in the aviation industry. The activist stage explain that societal issues caused by businesses or organizations are new and very few people understand the extent of their good or bad sides to the society. As a result, activists are ignored because they are not supported by facts or evidence. Proponents of the new societal issues are normally ignored or dismissed by the business community and authority. The proponents championing for societal rights are activists (Zadek 2004). According to the SA (2009) report, issues of environmental challenges had already emerged in the UK aviation industry, and the authorities, airlines and the communities have negotiated mitigation measures. This stage had been by-passed because powerful coalition was underway to deal with the environmental challenges of aviation industry. The coalition is comprised of airlines, Airport Operators Association (AOA), the British Air Transport Association (BAT), the Society of British Aerospace Companies (SBAC) and NATS (AS 2009). The second stage is the emerging stage. This stage recognises that the political and media community know and understand the societal issues. There are research bodies that emerge to study the cropping societal issues in the UK aviation caused by aviation activities and processes. The second stage has also been by-passed because climate change, noise and air pollution have become common knowledge in the United Kingdom especially among air operators. Researches have also been commissioned while monitoring and evaluation frameworks have been

Impact of Food Industrialization

Impact of Food Industrialization Nikoleta Koleva The Industrialization of Our Food System: Are We Sacrificing Quality to Quantity? The industrialization of our food supply is something that is becoming more popular amongst farmers and food producers. One of the biggest reasons in the overcrowded conditions in farms and how easy it is for one animal to spread diseases to all, thus ending in our plates. This becomes even more problematic with the rise of globalization – with an infected animal in a farm in Alabama that no one detects, people in China can receive the disease and spread it from there. However, with the rise of industrialized agriculture, other significant problems have arisen. Obesity has skyrocketed as prices for naturally-grown food increase quickly; diseases, both behavioral and physical, have increased in children and many more drawbacks that would be too long to list. As for its history, industrial agriculture arose alongside the Industrial Revolution, something we are also feeling the side-effects of today. It is a fact that by the end of the early nineteenth century, agricultural techn iques had improved so much that the output was many times greater than that seen in the Middle Ages. This was suiting and satisfactory, as the human population was growing at an exponential rate. Later on, as nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus were found and properly studied, they had a new purpose as synthetic fertilizers and pesticides. With the increased usage of these elements and vitamin supplements, many farm animals face less and less exposure to nature and all that is natural, as they are fully grown indoors. Furthermore, the discovery of antibiotics and vaccines ensured that animal-spread diseases do not occur in crowded facilities. However, as industrial agriculture becomes a more popular method, concerns have arisen over the sustainability of intensive agriculture, which has been related to the decreasing soil quality in key places, such as the US, Australia, India and Asia. One strong proponent of the deindustrialization of the American food system is Al Jazeera. Since its establishment in 2006 as an international news source, it has gained a lot of momentum, due to their wide range of topics and top-notch reporting or world events. The channel itself currently broadcasts to 250 million households across 130 countries. In their article supporting agriculture and the preservation of natural-growth farms, Vandana Shiva, the author of the article, states how many industrialization supporters keep falsifying information about the scale and contribution of organic farming. Many of these advocates claim that organic farming requires too much land grab and uses too many pesticides, when the facts are that industrial agriculture is causing the deforestation of the rainforests in the Amazon and Indonesia, fuelling a land grab in Africa and Europe. In fact, according to the FAO International Technical Conference on Plant Genetic Resources in Leipzig, industrial f arming is the reason for seventy-five per cent biodiversity erosion, seventy-five per cent water destruction, seventy-five per cent land degradation, as well as forty per cent greenhouse gases. These high numbers wound the planet in ways unfixable and long lasting. Not only this, millions of farmers are losing their farms and hard work. Even the food, which is consumed by the population is suffering – animals are put into factory farms and fed grain, as opposed to grass in a natural setting; this is equal to an animal prison. This lack of nutrients affects both the animal and the human consumer, as people are also devoid of these important dietary ingredients. The simple fact is that as industrialized agriculture has gained popularity, the number of hungry people on the planet has also risen. This is an indicator that something is not right; the food system has taken a wrong step. The facts and evidence presented by Vandana Shiva are well informed and presented. I was swayed by her argument and found myself disliking industrialized agriculture much more than previously. It is clear that she did her research and knew what she was talking about all the way through. The article was very well-structured and delivered, with no stray points or unnecessary rants. While I was previously aware of the treatment of animals in industrialized farms, I was ignorant on the impact it had on the planet environmentally. Deforestation one of the most serious problems we face today – whether regarding global warming or the extinction of millions of species, however, the fact that humans are still doing it when we have other, currently available, option is maddening. The facts are, countries that do not consume industrialized-grown food suffer from much lower rates of obesity and other food-related diseases. The problem the United States has is the fact that its organic foo d is much more expensive and harder to get than its industrialized-grown counterpart. It is an unfair race – why should consumers not have an equal access to either type? This disadvantage creates an unescapable cycle: people with less money do not purchase the organic food, thus consuming lower quality food with not enough nutrients. Since it lacks the richness of naturally grown food, people with lesser incomes consume more food, usually one that is unhealthy, cheap and lacking any types of significant nutrients. Thus, obesity begins sprouting up and rapidly spreading around the country. The problem is escaping this poisonous cycle and learning a healthier style of living. Why should we industrialize food, when naturally grown food is tastier, uses less space, does not injure the Earth and its resources and does not aid in the wide-scale release of greenhouse gases? An opponent of the deindustrialization of the food system in the United States is Blake Hurst, published in the American Enterprise Institute. The AEI is an American establishment, focused on research and education on issues of government, politics, economics and social welfare. Started in Washington in 1943, it still runs there and supplies its large readership with thoughtful articles. In his article on why industrialized agriculture is not the enemy, Blake Hurst describes how he got the idea of discussing this topic. Whilst on a plane, he heard an organic farm activist broadcasting about the inhumanity of industrialized farming. Hurst was angered at the ignorance of the reporter and is now on a mission to educate people why industrialized farming is not harmful but beneficial. His first and strongest arguing point is that people who sit in offices all day and stare at computer screens do not know what being a farmer is, yet they demand things they are not well-informed on. Telling someone how to do their work when you have no sensible information on the subject is selfish and may oftentimes be completely wrong. Hurst states that critics of industrial farming spend most of their time complaining about the way the food is raised, in regards to conditions and treatment. As his argument, he describe turkeys and how when they are naturally raised, they are not smart enough to survive long enough to be used as food. Furthermore, as President Obama and his government listen more and more to the public and demand fairer treatment of animals, the farmers cannot do anything to disprove and obey. Indeed, industrial farming conditions for animals are improving drastically. Hurts argues that nature is sometimes even more cruel than farmers, with mother pigs eating their offspring and that life is unfair all-around. Hurst’s article on why industrial farming is not evil was written well but lacked a strong punch that sways the reader to his side. Starting off with a personal story was a nice touch and humanized the writer, making him both relatable and approachable. His point on the fact that people who do not produce food do not really understand what is going on was the strongest out of all the ones later listed. It is true: with no first-hand experience, it is easy to rally for something when one is not aware of the amount of labor that goes into it. Organically-grown food is advertised as healthier and cruelty-less grown, but what do people who live in cities without animals know about how food is truly grown? However, that is where Hurst’s argument begins weakening and losing its initial punch. One big mistake in his article is the lack of focus on the environmental impact the industrial agriculture creates. In fact, most farmers that do not grow organic food fail to mention ho w their crops affect the environment and pollute various sources permanently. It was also scarcely mentioned how the health of the American citizens has significantly gone down after industrial agriculture became more and more popular with farmers and food producers. Hurst does mention that the â€Å"old-fashioned† way of farming is much more demanding and dirty but should food consumers and farmers both eat lower quality food because someone does not want to work? As Shiva mentioned in her article, food is what we are. What we eat is absolutely essential to our overall well-being and happiness. As obesity rates, not only in America but all over the world, continue to exponentially increase, it is important for us to find the source and come up with a solution. When exploring this topic, I realized how ignorant I was on many of these facts and side effects of industrially-grown food. However, when thinking about it, the proponent’s arguments make a lot more sense. As someone from a country that grows all of its food naturally, when moving to the United States, I definitely noticed a decrease in both quality and taste. Everything is larger, unnaturally so, lacking of taste and not as satisfactory. In my country, for less than a dollar, I could get a plentitude of naturally grown fruits and vegetables, while in America, I can get a smaller, industrially-grown, quantity. It is both disappointing and saddening. Humans need these nutrients, why should I pay so much to consume them? I believe the saddest fact is that many countries follow America’s steps and search for easier ways to complete food growing. This can be noted, as obesity begins rising all around the globe, with the spread of fast food American chains, which do not off er any type of nutritionally significant food. Chains, such as McDonalds, Burger King, KFC, Wendy’s, etc., sell food for cheap. When families with lower incomes go out to purchase food, it is much easier to get more of one type of food, instead of a few of another, even if the latter is healthier. Food has always been a privilege to our species but at this point in history, when there is an opportunity for most people to easily consume it, why are we settling for the worst of the available choices? Why should organic food, which our bodies need be more expensive and harder to obtain than junk food, something that should not be consumed at a constant rate? Because it is the easy opt-out and costs less for giant corporations to produce.

Discursive on Boxing Essay

Boxing is a sport that is adored by millions of people all over the world , it is a contact sport in which the fighting style is called MMA (mixed martial arts), Boxing includes two participants called fighters who battle it out in a series of rounds (12)until the opponent has been knocked out and can’t stand straight for 10 seconds , if the fight is stalemated then the fight goes to three judges in which the match is settled within a points system which the judges take part in , there has been numerous debates over the existence of boxing however the fight is just as tense outside the ring with the supporters in the battle against those who want it to be banned. One reason to ban boxing is the fact that it is thought to have long term health effects to the boxer, diseases such as alzhezmers disease and Parkinson’s disease is common to a boxer as it is caused by numerous blows to the head which occurs constantly in boxing , one prime example of this is a boxer called su gar Ray Robinson as he was the argued as the man who changed boxing but sadly he passed away he died due to azhlmiers disease in 1989 April 12 , this was associated with his boxing career this shows that boxing may lead to a very uncomfortable after career. Addiontaly , critics argue that boxing should be banned as it is an inhumane sport. As the boxers aim is to intentionally hurt their opponent it shows it as a vicious sport but it is seen normal to the public eye for example , if you were to go attack someone in the street you would have criminal charges filed against you but just because they are doing it in a boxing ring it is fine , the public are paying loads of money for the big name fights in boxing to see a man or women punch each other senseless for 2 minutes before someone gets knocked out which is a waste of money , one example of an inhumane incident which happened in the boxing ring was boxer mike Tyson intentionally ripped his opponents ear off with his own teeth , this shows how much of a inhumane effect it has on the public For critics there is an argument that there is a lack of safety towards the blows that are dealt to the head in boxing as no-one can predict what’s going to happen apart from the boxers , a boxer could deal a punch that could kill someone. However as boxing does have its Cons it also does have its Pros in which it shouldn’t be banned , as the boxers give there own consent which state that they are aware of the price they need to pay for being a boxer however the rewards they receive outweighs the price in a boxers mind as it provides a life of fame money and fast cars , most boxers don’t come from wealth backgrounds as it takes years to be a boxer it is usually people who love the sport and have dedicated there life to it which may have saved them for doing something else they may not enjoy or criminal activity†¦ â€Å"Boxing gave me the opputinites to grow into the man i am today† Carrying on the argument in which boxing shouldn’t be banned is the fact that it would lead to the black underground of boxing due to its high demand around the world , this would create a whole new amount of problems as it would mean that the mdecial side of boxing would be abolished from boxing and this would lead to a high amount of casualty rates this would also effect the economic side as it would mean that the tax that is generated by boxing would be abolished and shows the arugment in why the government should let it be. Finally the reason for boxing to stay alive is the entertainment and income boxing provides, as boxing is one of the most loved sports of all time and have fans that dedicate there life to the sport who travel round the world for 12 rounds of boxing in which is something they have chosen to watch and have not been forced into watching boxing in any way , if boxing was banned then it would destroy a part of peoples lives , boxing also contributes towards the job front as this includes , venue staff equipment providers etc and allot of people would be left out of a job After considering both sides of the argument, I think it would be a good idea to not ban boxing as I feel that as boxing does have its limitations on the injury factors, the amount of people that dedicate and the impact it has on the world as we know would be too strong to kill.

Emotional Intelligence Vs Cognitive Intelligence Essay

DECLARATION I declare that this assessment is my own work, based on my own personal research/study. I also declare that this assessment, nor parts of it, has not been previously submitted for any other unit/module or course, and that I have not copied in part or whole or otherwise plagiarised the work of another student and/or persons. I have read the ACAP Student Plagiarism and Academic Misconduct Policy and understand its implications. I also declare, if this is a practical skills assessment, that a Client/Interviewee Consent Form has been read and signed by both parties,  and where applicable parental consent has been obtained. In a fiercely competitive and changing world, organisational competency has become a crucial tool of survival (Alvesson & Sveningsson, 2007). As intelligence testing is regaining popularity, it is increasingly common to fill out personality questionnaires at job interviews. What is IQ, and does it define a person? What does it mean to be emotionally intelligent? How do these theories compare with each other, and do they provide adequate appraisal of competency? This essay presents a Cognitive Intelligence (CI) and Emotional Intelligence (EI) overview in modern organisations, the two most prominent cognitive processes in the field of Organisational Behaviour; it evaluates strengths and limitations in theory and practice. Furthermore, this essay offers practical recommendations for modern organisations, including a proposed integrated approach of both theories as a comprehensive model of assessment to help gain a deeper understanding of the complexity of the human mind. Organisational behaviour examines individuals and groups in the work environment (Wood et al., 2013). The human element exerts profound influence in the workplace (Presser, 2006, as cited in Lockwood, 2006). According to Armstrong, Cools and Sadler-Smith (2012), cognitive development is an essential business tool with interest increasing six folds over the last 40 years. Evidence of ability testing was found as far back as ancient China 2200 BC (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011) but the discipline was not accredited until the late 1940’s (Wood et al., 2013). In spite of its popularity, cognitive development has generated fierce debates among the experts who disagree on concepts, interpretation and terminology; this discord has generated undesired scepticism and misunderstanding (Fulmer & Barry, 2004). CI and EI explore two distinctive aspects of cognitive abilities. The more accepted of the two, with many decades of extensive research, is CI (Viswesvaran & Ones, 2002). Over a hundred years ago, Spearman (1904) introduced CI as an essential part of learning (as cited in Schmidt & Hunter , 2004). CI is â€Å"essentially the ability to learn† (as cited in Schmidt, 2002, p. 188). Gottfredson (1997) expands with terms like â€Å"catching on,† â€Å"making sense† or â€Å"figuring out what to do† (as cited in Fulmer & Barry, 2004, p. 247). CI is measured through psychometrics tests (or intelligence metric assessment) and expressed as a number called IQ or  Ã¢â‚¬ËœIntelligence Quotient’ (IQ, 2014). There are many psychometrics tests, but the most popular are the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised and the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale – frequently revised and used worldwide (Human Intelligence, 2014). IQ scores range between 85 and 115 (please see Graph 1); the further to the right, the more gifted the individual. Early research maintained that IQ scores determined a person’s intelligence (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011) but society has evolved from this limiting idea. Many theorists agree that CI remains a reliable performance measurement (Fulmer & Barry, 2004). It is hard to ignore people’s intellectual or physical differences (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011) and to this day, CI remains the most widely accepted and understood cognitive theory (Fulmer & Barry, 2004), particularly in the fields of business, medicine and education. Armstrong, Cools and Sadler-Smith (2012) attribute this renewed interest to several factors: research is now able to recognise the difference between abilities (CI) and personality (EI); the theories are easier to grasp and considered mainstream psychology; also research is conducted in a more ethical manner and the results are more convincing. This attitude is also reflected in empirical studies. Since the end of WWI, CI has been used to hire employees in the workplace (Yerkes, 1921); its use remains consistent in many behavioural categories of health risks, crime and occupation (Schmidt & Hunter, 2004). Mistakes are learnt from the past and researchers are more politically aware, ethical and flexible; morals and objectivity have replaced lack of transparency to factor human variables (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011). CI will stay as long as technology is employed at work (Salgado & Anderson, 2002; as cited in Viswesvaran and Ones, 2002). However, some limitations are present in the research. One of the most significant limitation is Tthe wide variety of definitions and terminology generates confusion and doubt (Armstrong, Cools & Sadler-Smith, 2011). For example: intelligence testing (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011), intelligence model (Roberts, Matthews & Zeidner, 2010), general mental health (GMA) (Schmidt & Hunter, 2004) and so on. Another criticism is reducing individuals to a simplistic linear value, discounting environmental and cultural variables (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011). However the biggest criticism is the neglect of other vital aspects of cognitive ability (Neisser et al., 1996, as cited in Fulmer & Barry, 2004). Studies increasingly demonstrate that a single theory no  longer provides adequate competency measures when alternatives are available (Schmidt & Hunter, 2004). CI constraints are not limited to theoretical concepts; there are a number of practical flaws. A typical CI drawback is the lack of practical use of academic skills in the real world (Schmidt & Hunter, 2004). Brody (2004) argues that a person may have knowledge of a discipline, but not the competence to put it into application in the work environment. For instance: relationship counsellors may be familiar with the theories of dealing with harassment, yet fail deliver comfort, compassion and understanding for their clients. In reverse, research shows that some individuals without education may still possess competent thinking abilities (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011). *Linking sentence here if you’re going to introduce EI next* One of the most revolutionised ideas that came out of the nineties was EI and its impact on job performance (Goleman, 1998; as cited in Cà ´tà © & Miners, 2006). Four elements define EI: thought-processing, problem-solving, learning, decision-making and interpersonal relationships (Witkin et al. 1977, as cited in Viswesvaran & Ones, 2002); the five personality dimensions of EI that affect work performance are: introversion-extroversion, conscientiousness, agreeableness, emotional stability and openness to experience (Wood et al., 2013). EI has been integrated in many organisations’ training includi ng business schools, professionals, sales, management and so on (Cà ´tà © & Miners, 2006). A number of EI tests have emerged but the most popular one is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (Myers, 1962, as cited in Armstrong, Cools and & Sadler-Smith, 2011). CI is far more accepted than before and research reveals EI capabilities too significant to ignore (Neisser et al. 1996, cited in Fulmer & Barry, 2004). As knowledge is easier to access anytime, anywhere in the world via technology, it is becoming less about ‘what you know’ and more about what to do with the information in terms of identifying, analysing and problem-solving (Fletcher & Hattie, 2011). EI is gaining considerable influence in the business world. Research demonstrates that EI predicts academic achievement beyond CI (Miller et al. 2007, as cited in Lyons & Schneider, 2005); it also works as a contextual predictor (Borman & Motowidlo, 1997; as cited in Viswesvaran & Ones, 2002). Where CI lacks consideration for variables, EI abilities allow for a more accurate assessment of work by accounting factor s such as culture, gender,  disabilities and other environmental elements. Additionally, these cognitive abilities, which provide big insights into the human personality and its triggers, can be developed through adulthood (Boyatzis & Sala, 2004). In the practical sphere, the same concept is found. Where CI is deficient, EI is able to balance via a number of ways; for example by discerning and interpreting emotions using body language and visual signals where knowledge and practical skills fail on the job (Rafaeli & Sutton, 1987; Sutton, 1991). And vice versa by those who lack EI and can increase their CI processes through developing interpersonal skills with colleagues to seek assistance to perform the task (Law, Wong & Song, 2004; as cited in Cà ´tà © & Miners, 2006). Consequently, EI’s theoretical limitations are almost on par with the positive attention it has received over many decades. The lack of adequate research and empirical studies are its biggest downfall (Becker, 2003; Landy, 2005; Locke, 2005; cited in Cà ´tà © & Miners, 2006). EI i s also criticised over its theory and assessment (Davies, Stankov, & Roberts, 1998). Experts can’t agree with its definition; some consider EI a function purely based on emotion, others suggest that EI is a mix of personality and emotional management (Lyons & Schneider, 2005; Cherniss, 2010). There are some mixed feelings about EI’s gain to organisations (Motowidlo, Borman & Schmidt, 1997; as cited in Cà ´tà © & Miners, 2006). On the practical side, similar flaws are present. A practical limitation of EI is apparent in the MSCEIT questionnaire where the focus is to identify the emotional aspect of abstract art; a more practical approach would be to teach management and staff basic skills in stress tactics (Cherniss, 2010). The workplace is where individuals compete for goals, promotion or reputation; studies by Joseph and Newman (2010) or Williams, Bargh, Nocera and Gray (2009) caution about the possibilities of using ‘strategic’ EI for self-promotion in the workplace through manipulation, control and self-exploitation (Kilduff, Chiaburu & Menges, 2010). To avoid mishaps, the following is a proposed model to apply CI and EI in modern organisations. There are a number of ways that CI and EI can be applied to modern organisations. 1) More studies are proving that the single theory approach is inadequate and moving towards an integration of the cognitive processes to provide a more satisfying model; where linear models are too simplistic, the critical use of moderation compensates for the other (Boyatzis & Sala, 2004, as cited in Boyatzis,  2011). Organisations would benefit by providing training in both CI and EI development on a regular and ongoing basis to override the honeymoon period of training, particularly focusing on staff with the most experience as it has been found that long term employment tends to lead to a drop in performance (Schmidt & Hunter, 2004). 2) It is important to formulate questionnaires in a clear concise fashion, and keep the content practical and focus on the topic. The audience needs to be carefully considered to keep the content appropriate, for example child counsellors versus drug rehabilitation counsellors (Lynn, 2002). 3) Provide alternative assessment styles to reach a wider audience; for example, delivered as a group or in a private interview (Cools et al., 2009). 4) Consider the relevance of a cross-cultural approach, and other variables such as gender, age group and position within the company. 5) consider a variety of medium to appeal to a wide audience; for example a video, a web-based interactive medium or virtual reality (Chan & Schmitt, 1997). 6) Do some market research relevant to the industry to ensure there are no gaps in the information delivered (Armstrong, Cools & Sadler-Smith (2012). 7) Use care and judgment at all times, respect privacy and cater for existing environment culture (open or discree t). 8) Explore areas in need of development, such as cultural, religious, and interracial. 9) Be mindful that not everyone will be at the same level of knowledge, skills, social ladder and cater for introverts and extroverts. In conclusion, there are differences between CI and EI as the two constructs cover two distinctive aspects of mental intelligence. Both are relevant and contribute to organisational behaviour, however, human behaviour is much too complex to be simplified into two single independent theories. The flaws and strengths found in EI and CI complement each other in a linear fashion (Van Rooy & Viswesvaran, 2004). In this essay, many aspects of CI and EI were explored. It was determined that in spite of a long history, a person is much more than an IQ, and that EI is still at early stage of development. Much work and development is required in the theories to further explore the human potential. To conclude, fFuture studies and competency assessment tools will be interesting to witness over the next few years if the research includes various human genetic var iables in the endeavour to find more answers to adapt to change and reach the full potential of the human personality. 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Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 86(1) 162-173. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.86.1.162 Viswesvaran, C., & Ones, D. S. (2002). Agreements and Disagreements on the Role of General Mental Ability (GMA) in Industrial, Work, and Organizational Psychology. Human Performance, 15(1/2), 211-231. Wood, J., Zeffane, R., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., & Seet, P. (2013). Organisational behaviour – core concepts and applications (3rd ed.). Milton, Australia: John Wiley & So ns Australia. Yorks, L., & Whitsett, D. A. (1985). Hawthorn, Topeka, and the issue of science versus advocacy in organizational behavior. Academy of Management 10(1), 21-30. Marking Criteria – Academic Essay